The functioning of the gastrointestinal (G.I.) system has wide-ranging influences on the body that go far beyond the G.I. tract. According to Ayurveda-the ancient natural health care system of India - proper diet and digestion are one of the major pillars of health. Altered digestive functioning can lead to the production of Ama, a toxic material that initiates and promotes disease processes throughout the body. Optimal functioning of the G.I. tract requires proper mucosal integrity and a balanced microflora. Compromised mucosal integrity which leads to 'leaky gut syndrome,' and imbalances in the microflora known as 'dysbiosis,' result in the formation of Ama. Ama is also produced at other levels of the physiology, including the cellular level. Excessive formation of free radicals contributes to the formation of Ama. A variety of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during cellular metabolism. Excessive amounts of these reactive molecules can cause damage, starting the disease process. They are believed to be causative agents in nearly every disease. The ability to control their concentrations may be helpful for the prevention and treatment of many disorders. Antioxidants 'scavenge' free radicals and ROS, and render them harmless. Antioxidants can be lipid- or water-soluble; some are produced in the body and others are obtained from food or dietary supplements. Natural antioxidants range from vitamins to enzymes to herbal mixtures. Powerful antioxidants are present in the bioflavonoids found in concentrated form in Ayurvedic herbal mixtures known as Rasayanas. The use of these Rasayanas will be helpful in neutralizing the excessive free radical activity that contributes to Ama formation. However, the accumulated Ama in the body will not be removed by the use of Rasayanas and antioxidants alone. Other Ayurvedic methodologies are required to eradicate accumulated Ama. Rasayanas are best utilized to neutralize ongoing damage to the physiology and regenerate the system.

Chakrapani was the great Commentator of Ayurveda, who has critically analysed & revealed many secrets hiddden in the verses of Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita. He had excellent knowledge of Sanskrit language and grammer. The present article highlights some of the glimpses of initial four verses commented by Chakrapani on Charaka Samhita. This represents the ancient knowledge & wisdom of great Ayurvedic physicians as well as the skill to arrange a bucket of information into concise stanzas.

Ageing is a process of unfavourable progressive changes associated with decline in vigour affecting the quality of life. It tends to vary in different age groups by genetic factors, dietary habits, socioeconomic conditions, life style, occurrence of diseases etc. Active ageing involves every dimension of one's life: Physical, mental, social & spiritual and major challenge is to understand & promote the factors that keep people healthy as they grow older. In Ayurveda, decade wise ageing process has been described. It has two types: Kalaja jara (Timely ageing), which may be delayed by appropriate measure & Akalaja jara (Premature ageing), which is somewhat reversible by Rasayana therapy. The present study deals with efficacy of Bhringarajadi Ghrita Rasayana (Eclipta alba, Sesamum orientale Linn., Embellica officinalis Gaertn., Sugar, Cow's ghee), which has shown significant improvement on various clinical parameters related to premature ageing since ingredients of this formulation have proven adaptogenic, antioxidant, free radical scavenger, immunomodulator properties.

The Coronary Artery Disease or Coronary Heart Disease is the single biggest killer (60%) and the most common cause of maximum morbidity, ironically. Infact this is a disease whose control is most in our hands and it is most life style dependent. In accordance with the latest reports more than 13.7% of the adult population is suffering from coronary heart disease in India, and this figure is constantly on the rise year after year. The main cause of the disease is obesity in terms of enhanced circumference, deposition of cholesterol and fat in the inner smooth lining of the coronary arteries supplying blood to the heart resulting in their blockages and obstruction to blood flow through them. Atheromatous plaque is formed which constricts the flow of blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the heart muscles. With significant blockages, about 60% to 70% of the vessel wall and exertion the increased demand of blood by the heart is not met. More than 100 number of risk factors responsible for the development of CHD are documented. Williams in 1981 identified 246 risk factors that directly or indirectly lead to the development and onset of heart disease. The excess risk is closely related to the plasma concentration of LDL cholesterol and is inversely related to the plasma concentration of LDL cholesterol and is inversely related to the plasma HDL Cholesterol concentration. There is also a weak correlation between plasma triglyceride concentration and the incidence of coronary artery disease. Moreover, numerous clinical trials have shown that lowering high cholesterol concentrations by diet or drugs can reduce the risk of cardiac events. Moreover, many allopathic antihypertensive drugs have been shown to reduce coronary mortality but by less than might have been anticipated, possibly because many of these agents have potentially adverse effects on lipid and glucose metabolism. Ayurvediya care from both the preventive and therapeutic ways like primary protection in terms of Swasthya Vritta with Aushadha along with Pathyapathya and Ashwagandha+Guggulu provide tremendous results with secondary cardio protection by their anti hyperlipidamic, antiatherosclerotic, antihypertensive actions. All the patients already on prescribed allopathic medicine and cardiac diet were taken. An attempt to evaluate the efficacy of ayurvediya Ashwagandha+Shuddha guggulu in 500mg twice daily in 20 patients of atheromatous coronary hypertensive heart patients associated with obesity is made at Clinical Research Unit, Safadarjang Hospital New Delhi during 2007.

There are very few works done on the concept of Medha and Manas till today. So, the present study was carried out to describe the applied concept of Ayurvediya Mano-Vijnana, to assess Medha in classical direction and to assess the efficacy of Yashtimadhu Curna (Medhya Aushadha) and effect of Sattvavajaya Chikitsa on Medha. The subjects of the study were physically healthy volunteers between the age group of 16 to 25 years. They were divided into two groups. Selection and registration of volunteers was done by randomized open trial. In Group- A Yashtimadhu granules and in Group-B roasted Suji granules + Sattvavajaya Chikitsa were selected. For the assessment of Medha, P.G.I. Memory Scale, Recognition Cards of National Psychological Corporation, Agra was adopted and to assess the Manas Prakrti, a questionnaire was adopted with some modifications. In Group - A (Yashtimadhu group) 4.41% improvement was found which is statistically highly significant (<0.01) and in Group - B (Sattvavajaya Chikitsa group) 4.54% improvement is obtained which is statistically significant (<0.05). Yashtimadhu and Sattvavajaya Chikitsa, both were beneficial in promoting the 'Medha in healthy volunteers hence need is to conduct such a study on large number of patients for a longer duration.

Ayurveda explains health as an equilibrium of the Dhatus "Dhatu Samyam Arogata". Among the Dhatus, Asthi is blessed with the function of Shareera Dharana. Any derangement in Asthi results in disease. Asthi Kshaya is a condition in which there is Kshaya of the Asthi Dhatu. Asthi Kshaya may be compared to Osteoporosis, in which there is a decrease in bone mass leading to bone fragility and fractures. According to the principle of Ashrayaashrayee Bhava, when Vata increases Asthi decreases because, both are inversely proportional to each other. Classics mention the use of Basti prepared with Tikta Dravya, Ksheera and Ghrita for the treatment of Asthi Kshaya. To assess the efficacy of Tikta Ksheera Basti and Ajasthi Bhasma in the management of Osteoporosis, present study was undertaken on 40 patients of Osteoporosis. Patients diagnosed Osteoporotic by Bone Mineral Density test, were randomly divided into two groups, A and B consisting of 20 patients each. Patients of Group-A were administered Tikta Ksheera Basti in Kala Basti schedule (16 days) followed by Ajasthi Bhasma - 500 mg orally B.D. with milk as Anupana for 3 months. Patients of Group-B were given only Ajasthi Bhasma - 500 mg orally B.D. with milk as Anupana for 3 months. The combined therapy of Basti and Ajasthi Bhasma showed encouraging results in the subjective and objective parameters of Osteoporosis. The study shows that the Tikta Ksheera Basti and Ajasthi Bhasma are very effective in the management of Osteoporosis.

To treat the cases of Arsha, there are many treatment modalities in medical science, but the question is of recurrence and complications. There are prevailing successful methods described to cure the piles in Ayurveda. Four types of treatment are available like Bheshaja, Ksharakarma, Agnikarma & Shastrakarma. Sushruta gives more emphasis on Ksharakarma. Ksharasutra therapy, is one of the most potentiated effort of ksharakarma for curing Arsha. It is a minimal invasive operative technique and requires fewer instruments. The procedure may be performed even under local anesthesia with minimal stay. In this research study, randomly selected 3586 cases suffering from Arsha of either sex were treated with Ksharasutra ligation (KSL) method under suitable anesthesia.Post operative management was carried out on usual line of management. The Apamarga (Achyranthus Aspera) Ksharasutra was prepared by standard scientific method. As per observations of the study maximum advantages were found like minimum hospital stay, no post operative hemorrhage, no adverse bowel effect and no post operative anal stenosis. Patients were able to return their normal works after one week. Recurrence rate was negligible and it had been found overall low cost effective procedure. Hence it is recommended for the management of piles to such a dense populated, poor socio-economic and developing country like India, where cost effect remains a matter for treatment.

Sri Lanka, is an island located between 5΀- 10΀ N latitude and 79΀- 82΀E longitude. There are a number of ancient Sri Lankan medical treatises which also include Orthopaedic Treatment in detail. Sri Lankan traditional physicians treat orthopaedic ailments very successfully. This survey was done to gather scattered knowledge in the island with the help of highly experienced traditional physicians who are involved in Orthopaedic treatment, olla leaves and text books. According to this survey several parts of the plants leaves stem barks, roots, flowers, entire plants are used to prepare medicine and these medicines are prepared in different ways such as 'Mellum', 'Beheth Roti', oil, cream, paste, sediments, thick liquids, 'Thel kiri' and 'Beheth Peni'. These various herbal medicines are used to reduce bruises, to speed up healing of fractured or cracked bones, to loosen stiffened joints and to correct the dislocations. Bandages prepared from bark of Allophylus cobbe, splints prepared from reeds of Bambusa vulgaris and bracts of Cocos nucifera are used for supporting and immobilising the traumatised parts and limbs. Traditional orthopaedic treatment in Sri Lanka is well developed and encompasses treatment of muscle sprains, dislocations and fractures, bruises and injuries incurred by people falling from trees.

Lepidium sativum is used in many part of Gujarat as an effective remedy for the disease Sandhivata, Amavata and Katishula. Ayurvedic texts as well as modern texts also reported its analgesic and anti inflammatory properties. In order to validate this claim, a detailed comprehensive study of seed of the plant is done. In this study total 98 patients were divided in two groups. Trial drug group was treated with Chandrashura churna and in placebo group, patients were given capsules containing starch for one month. The patients were subjected to the evaluation of cardinal sign and symptoms of Sandhivata on the basis of scores according to their severity, frequency and duration before and after treatment. Result shows that Chandrashura provides very good relief in cardinal signs and symptoms like Sandhishula(Pain in joint), Sandhishotha (Swelling), Sandhigraha (Stiffness), Sandhisphutana (Crepitus), Sparshashyata (Tenderness), and Aakunchan prasaranjanya vedana (Difficulty in movement).

Cerebral Palsy is the leading cause of childhood disability affecting function and development. Its prevalence is approximately 1.5-2 cases per 1000 live births. Its incidence has not changed in the last more than 4 decades, despite significant advances in the medical care of neonates. Nearly 15-20 % of total physically handicapped children suffer from Cerebral Palsy. It is a condition which cripples the child during the course of growth and development. Based on its Lakshanas, the chief Dosha involved in Cerebral Palsy is identified as Vata, hence Nidana-panchaka are evolved accordingly and this disorder can be managed on the line of treatment of Vata Vyadhi.

In this clinical study, 90 patients of Amavata (Rheumatoid arthritis) were registered from the O.P.D. & I.P.D., Deptt. of the Kayachikitsa, I.P.G.T. & R.A., G.A.U., Jamnagar. In Group-A, 40 patients completed the treatment out of 44 patients and 4 patients left the treatment before completion of the course and the treatment schedule was :- Alambushadi churna 4 tablets orally thrice daily with warm milk for 45 days (Each tablet containing 500mg Alambushadi churna) along with 1gm Simhanada guggulu orally thrice daily with warm water for 45 days and Shatapushpadi lepa applied locally over affected joints with warm water for 45 days. In Group-B, 40 patients completed the treatment out of 46 patients and 4 patients left the treatment before completion of the course. The treatment schedule was : Simhanada guggulu & Shatapushpadi lepa both given in same dose & duration as in Group-A. In Group-A maximum patients i.e. 65 % showed major improvement, while in Group-B maximum patients i.e. 50 % showed minor improvement. No side effects of the research drugs were observed during the clinical trial. Group-A therapy is more effective than Group-B therapy in this clinical study.

Cervical erosion, a benign lesion is sometimes much troublesome due to its chronicity and nature of recurrence. It is the replacement of the stratified squamous epithelium of the portio-vaginalis by the columnar epithelium of endocervix. Considering the feature of cervical erosion, it can be correlated with Garbhashayagrivagata Vrana. The treatment is designed to destruct overgrowth columnar epithelium either by chemical substances or cryosurgery or electric cautery. In Ayurvedic classics for destruction of any such lesion kshara is prescribed. Keeping these points in view, the present work a clinical comparative study has been made to assess the effect of Snuhi Kshara cauterization and electric cautery cauterization in cervical erosion cases. The Kshara and Electric cautery were applied locally on eroded cervix and results were assessed on the basis of epithelization of erosion and improvement in symptoms. The study reveals that Snuhi Kshara (Euphorbia neriefolia) cauterization showed better results than electric cautery cauterization.

Roots of Cynoglossum glochidiatum Wall.ex. Benth of Family Boraginaceae identified as source plant of Tejaraj is being used by tribal people of Orissa (Kandha) for treating male sexual dysfunctions and infertility. A pharmacological study was carried out to evaluate toxic effect (if any) of the root of C. glochidiatum in two phases i.e. short term(15 days) in high dose(2500 mg./kg.) and long term (60 days) in human equivalent dose (500 mg./kg.) in albino rats. The parameters studied were ponderal, haematological, biochemical and histopathological changes. The test drug did not produce any mortality or significant toxic effect on different organs except for producing increase in blood urea level and moderate fatty degenerative changes in liver.

Vidanga (Embelia ribes Linn, Myrsinaceae) is a promising medicinal plant of high medicinal value documented in Ayurvedic classics, traditional Indian medicine. It is said to be the best against human pathogens. It is observed that in the crude drug market, substitutes and adulterants are commonly seen because of non-availability of genuine drug. Therefore, a market survey of Vidanga was done for the available species. Astonishingly it was seen that Embelia robusta Roxb. was found instead of E. ribes which is the botanically accepted species. Samples of Vidanga were collected from different parts of India and Pakistan, which were then subjected to HPLC analysis for the presence of phenolic acids. The analysis revealed higher level of phenolic acids in E.ribes than E.robusta, particularly cinnamic acid which is highly anthelmintic.

Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common and most prevalent ailment, familiar to all with an equal distribution more or less through out the world, rather without any exception to the developed and under developed countries. Bronchial asthma is the main complication of allergic rhinitis because patients of nasal allergy have four times more risk of developing bronchial asthma. In modern medical system a wide range of antibiotics and decongestants is available, but these drugs give only symptomatic relief. So it is need of hour to develop a treatment protocol, which helps the patients to overcome this pathetic condition hence this problem was selected for the study taking all these points into consideration. In this present study Pippalyadi taila for Nasya therapy and Haridra khanda as oral drug was selected. Total 32 patients were registered and randomly divided into two groups. In group A Haridra khanda and in group B Pippalyadi taila Nasya along with Haridra khanda were given for 2 months. The effect of therapy in both groups was assessed by a specially prepared proforma. In both the groups an apparent difference in all the signs and symptoms was observed. In oral group and combined group maximum number of patients i.e., 45.45% and 53.33% respectively showed marked improvement.

Makshika is one of the materials used since long, having therapeutic importance. Since the samhita period till the modern era of science and technology makshika has occupied an important position in Ayurvedic system of healing. It's a mineral of Copper, Iron and Sulphur. Therapeutic description of makshika is found in the literatures of samhita period but its detailed pharmaceutical description is found in the literatures of 7th Cent. AD and onwards. Bearing in mind, its high therapeutic ability many research works are going on in different leading academic institutions and reputed pharmaceutical sectors. In this current review article it is tried to highlight the makshika in ancient literatures and current researches, which will help the research workers in great extent.

In present time, due to modern life style, anxiety, stress etc. reasons, incidence of Vatavyadhi like Pakshaghata, Ardita etc is increasing. Aggravation of Vata is responsible to cause Ardita. On the basis of its origin and symptoms mentioned in Sushruta Samhita, Ardita can be correlated with facial paralysis or Bell's palsy caused by involvement of VII cranial nerve. According to Acharya Charaka Nasya Karma (Navana Nasya) is the specific treatment of Ardita Roga. Bearing this idea in mind Nasya karma was selected in present study. The present study, patients, were divided into two groups. In one group, Nasya administered with Anu Taila, was taken as control drug and Mashadi Taila (Sha.S.Utt. 8/35-36) was taken as trial drug in second group. Nasya was administered, in a dose of 6 drops in each nostril for 15 days. Cardinal, Associated signs symptoms and also Doshanubandhita Lakshanas were observed before and after the treatment. To assess the voluntary movement present before and after the treatment as per House classification system of facial paralysis was adopted. If necessary and possible, heamatological and biochemical investigations were carried out before and after the treatment. In the result; both the drugs were found equally affective but Anu Taila was little more effective. In both groups, 50% patients were completely cured.

Ayurveda as well as Philosophies accepted the Guna as the basic entity of the Srishti. Gunas can be classified under various categories like Adhyatmika Guna, Gurvadi Guna, Paradi Guna, Vishistha Guna. For the treatment purpose Gurvadi Gunas are widely used. Among them the Snigdha Guna and Ruksha Guna are widely used in the Samhitas. This study has been carried out to establish the Ruksha property drugs on animals as a hypolipidemic effect on induced hyperlipidemia animals. The drugs selected were having Ruksha property by Rasa panchaka. The drugs were Vacha (Acorus calamus Linn), Kushtha (Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke), Haridra (Curcuma longa Linn), Daruharidra (Berberis aristata DC), Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica), Karanja (Pongamia pinnata Pierre). All the drugs are having Lekhana property and Srotosodhaka karma due to Ruksha property. Based on this promise the test drug (Ruksha Guna) had been studied on various experimental models such as body weight, weight of liver, heart and kidney, food intake and faecal out put, water intake, total faecal fat content etc. The selected drugs are the representative of highest magnitude of Ruksha property which are able to influence Dipana and Pachana property and the test drug was administered with the simultaneous administration of hyperlipidemia inducing diet, but the biochemical values are found under control.

Vanga Bhasma is one of the renowned Ayurvedic metallic preparations commonly prescribed by the physicians; mostly in Prameha Roga (Urinary diseases). For its preparation, several media (Marana Dravya) and methods are recommended in Rasashastra texts, most of them are utilizing herbs as a media. Total 80 different methods are found described in classics for the preparation of Vanga Bhasma, out of which two methods are adopted for comparison through this present study. One of them was prepared through Jarana (combustion with herbs) and Marana (incineration), the application of heat by means of Upala (dry cow dung cakes) following the reference of Rasamritam (3/88-94) which is in common practice now a days. Another method is very unusual, in which application of heat was given by Vastraputa (heating by burning of cloths) without Jarana, as per the reference of Rasa Ratna Sammuchchaya (5/162). Though the second method found suitable for easy preparation but it is not useful for large scale manufacture. VMD of the Vastraputa Vanga Bhasma was 37.2 μm found which is larger than Vanga Bhasma (15.7 ΅m) prepared by Puta Method. For both the Bhasma XRD shows major phase as SnO₂

Life & death are two expense of lifecycle, according to Darshanika birth is Vikriti (unnatural) & death as Prakriti (natural), as in case of earthanpot the earth is Prakriti & pot is Vikriti. After death of Panchabhautika sharira these elements set mixed & their respective physical Tatva. Whole comprehensive the ultimate fact, "The person his is born, his death is also certain." As in Shrimad Bhagwata Vasudev says to Kansa. Mrityurjanmavatam Veer Dehen Saha Jayate $ Adyavabdashatante Va Mrityurvai Pranienam Dhruvah $$ It means he valorous ! Death is born with the birth of organism (Living being). lt may occur today or after hundred years but is inevitable. Through this article for the acquisition of Purushartha chatustaya, to keep up to inspiration to set the longevity, the various aspects of intimacy death & various measures to overcome this has been given quick glance. One should make every effect to live long & healthy life using Devvyapashraya chikitsa, Yuktivyapashraya chikitsa & modern medical science. Important points of research paper are normally use of human being is fixed as hundred years in Shruti & Smrityadi Shastradi. The death of human, including Garbhavastha is accepted to be 101. The death occurring after setting used after enjoying full life is Kalamrityu & death cause by some (Agantuk Karnas) external causes is said to be Akalamritu. (Untimely death) Various cause of Akalamritu are describe in various Granthas. (Literature) Various Dristantas are included in this article. Which are mentioned as extraneous (Agantuk) the Trikalvettas accept death as Prakriti & birth as Vikriti & explain that it is natural that the earth pot after its destruction is transformed in to its Mula Swarupa (Root form) that is earth. Hence like this it is also natural that Sharira (Body) set merged in Mula Prakriti. Irrespective of the cause arisen for this. Right path should always follow to set happiness in this human life & Devvyapashraya chikitsa, Yuktivyapashraya chikitsa methodologies to set longevity.