Ayurveda, the ancient science of life, health and cure originating from India adopts its own holistic biology based on the theory of Triguna, Tanmatra, Tridosha, Saptadhatus, Ojas, Agni, Ama and Srotas. It is distinctly different than the conventional modern biology which is largely based on reductionistic approach of classical Newtonian Physics, in contrast to Ayurvedic Biology - seems to be based on an integrative vision resembling Quantum logic of modern science. The present conceptual study aims to explore related issues with special reference to Srotovijnan of Ayurveda depicting a quantized inner transport system responsible to transport of the entire range of biological fluids, nutrients, energies, impulses, emotions, thoughts and all bio-factors, tangible or intangible. There is a need to study the fundamental and applied aspects of Ayurvedic Biology in depth with genuine interface of Ayurveda with science of today.

Shonitarsha (Bleeding piles) is a common chronic painful disease afflicts the mankind, having only surgical treatment (Haemorrhoidectomy) in modern science but recurrence is more often. Bleeding per rectum during defaecation with fresh blood not mixed with motion is the commonest symptom of Shonitarsha. Kutaja (Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall) is an important plant mentioned in Ayurveda used successfully in atisara, pravahika and arsha especially in Shonitarsha. The fine powder of the Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall stem bark was prepared and given to the patients in a dose of 4 gms twice a day for two weeks. The results of this study are subjective of significant efficacy of the drug in the symptom "stoppage of bleeding" in Shonitarsha.

Diabetes mellitus has no known permanent cure and is highly prevalent worldwide. In traditional medicine and Ayurveda it is correlated with disease called Madhumeha. In Sri Lanka, Traditional and Ayurvedic physicians treat diabetes mellitus very effectively. Information was obtained from traditional and Ayurvedic physicians, Ayurvedic text books and old manuscripts. According to these, various parts of several herbs are used: flowers (Butea monospema), leaves (Adhathoda vasica), fruits (Momordica dioica), seeds (Syzygium cumini), stems (Tinospora cordifolia), stem bark (Ficus religiosa), root bark (Salacia reticulate ) roots (Oryza sativa), aerial roots (Ficus benghalensis), rhizome (Alpinia galanga) bulb (Allium sativum), creeper (Passiflora foetida) and entire plant (Scoparia dulcis). These are prepared in different forms like powders, decoctions, juices and pastes. Decoctions are made using single or multiple herbs. Multiple decoctions usually contain hyperglycaemic herbs such as Cyperus rotundus, Aloe vera to minimize drastic hypoglycaemic complications as usually evident with allopathic drugs. In addition, patients are recommended to consume antidiabetic herbs as food or drinks: as chyme (Osbeckia octandra), curries (Lassia spinos), salads (Centella asiatica), spices (Trigonella foenum-graecu), fresh fruits (Phyllanthus embelica), or as a drink (Camellia sinesis). About one hundred and twenty six plants belonging to fifty one families are used to treat diabetic patients in Sri Lanka.

Bandhyatva is a commonly increasing problem which any gynecologist has to face throughout his/her gynecological career. It affects the mental & physical health of a woman and disturbs her family as well as social life. In most of the Asian countries, it is treated as a stigma. Ovulatory factor is responsible for 30-40% cases of infertility. There are several ovarian factors responsible for this. Unruptured follicle is one of them. Here the follicle grows and matures up to a certain size, but doesn't rupture or if ruptures, not at the proper time. Thus, anovulation or improper ovulation takes place. In modern medical science, Inj. HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) is used to ovulate the mature follicle. In Ayurveda, there is no evidence of any database medicine for this purpose. So, an effort was made to find out some safer and cheaper Ayurvedic alternative of Inj. HCG to rupture the grown follicle at the required time. Chitrakadi Vati was selected for this purpose for its Agnidipaka and Pachaka properties, considering the ovulation, a result of physiological action of Agni. The study was carried out in 25 patients. Chitrakadi vati (500mg) 2 tabs t.i.d. from the day of matured follicle in at-least one ovary was administered in such patients till ovulation occurred. The maximum duration was 3 days. Ovulation study with USG was carried out from the 9th day of menstrual cycle till ovulation takes place. Highly significant results were found and considering the other effects of HCG and Chitrakadi Vati, it was proved as a better alternative of HCG to rupture the follicle. It also proved its efficacy for the purpose of Intra uterine insemination, when rupture of follicle is needed within certain required time limit.

This research is carried out with the aim to study psycho-neuro-pharmacological evaluation of Kushmandadi ghrita which comprises Kushmanda (Benincasa hispida), Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra) processed in cow's ghee. Among them Kushmanda has been repeatedly mentioned as 'Medhya' and appreciated for its 'Chetasovikaranashanam' effect; Yashtimadhu is included among the four main Medhya Rasayana drugs and also used as routine remedy in the management of the mental illness. Cow's ghee is considered specially nutritive and increased intellectual faculties. Considering these properties, Kushmandadi ghrita was studied on various experimental models such as Gross behavior, Hypnotic potentiation, Anti convulsant activity, Anti psychotic activity, Anti depressant activity, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Anxiolytic activity & Nootropic activity on Charles Foster strain albino rats and Swiss albino mice. The trial drug showed complex pattern of CNS activity, anti-depressant, anti-anxiety and memory and learning enhancement activities. It also produced good effect on chronic fatigue syndrome. It is devoid of anti-convulsant, central muscle relaxant and anti-psychotic activities.

Urinary tract infection occurs due to the multiplication of micro-organisms in the urinary tract, when body defence mechanisms are decreased. Difficulty during micturition is the chief symptom of it. According to Ayurveda, it is known as 'Mutrakricchra'. In Ashtanga Samgraha, it is included under the Mutra apravrittijanya basti-gata vikara. Various antibiotics used in modern medical science to solve this problem became unsatisfactory due to the limitations of antibiotics and resistance of micro-organisms to it. However, in the present study an attempt has been made to overcome this problem by using the herbal preparations like Pashanabheda (Bergenea ligulata) churna and Mutrakricchra hara churna. Results of both the studies are found very encouraging.

Cataract - Linganasha is defined as loss of transparency of lens developing as a result of altered physiological process within its substance. The disease Linganasha is mainly due to vitiation of Kapha Dosha. According to the 1992 the status report of DGHS, Govt. of India, Cataract alone is responsible for 81% cases of blindness. While the problem of blindness is global, its magnitude is much higher in India. Of the estimated 45 million, India alone has 12 million blind people. In this study patients were selected from the O.P.D. and I.P.D. of Shalya - Shalakya dept and randomly divided into three groups i.e. in Group-A Manahshiladi Anjana (Local application), Group-B Jeevantyadi Ghrita (Internal use) and in Group - C Rasanjana Netra Bindu and Godanti Cap. 500 mg. (Control group) were administered for 6 months. In this study total 195 patients were registered and 99 patients completed the course of treatment. Maximum relief was observed on Polyopia / Diplopia in Group A and B, whereas increase in the clinical features was found in Group C.

Psoriasis is considerd to be inherited as an autosomal dominant character with irregular penetrate. In present study psoriasis has been taken as Ekakustha, because it is more similar with psoriasis than any other type of Kushtha. Modern medical science treats psoriasis with PUVA and corticosteroids. But the disease recurrence and gives serious side effect like liver, kidney failure, bone marrow depletion. Present study was undertaken to provide safe and effective remedy for psoriasis. Shodhana, Shamana and Nidan parivarjana are main treatments for any disease. So, in present study Saptasamoyoga and Darvyadi yamak malahara have been selected as Shamana. Psychological stress is emphasized as one of the major triggering factor in the exacerbation of the disease. For clinical trial total 25 patients were selected.Three groups were made to evaluate the therapy. All the patients were diagnosed & assessed thoroughly on the basis of Ayurvedic classical signs & symptoms. Further diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of other symptoms & signs of Psoriasis described in modern texts e.g. Auspitz sign, Koebner phenomenon etc. All the signs & Symptoms were assigned scores, depending upon their severity to assess the effect of the drugs objectively. Both groups showed highly significant result on same symptoms but Group B shows better results than Group A.

Asrugdara is a broadly classified disease; include various diseased condition of menstrual cycle. It is highly prevalent gynecological disease and can be correlated with Menorrhagia. This clinical study deals with the management of Asrugdara using Amaranthus viridis and Symplocos racemosa. Total 52 patients were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups. Group A was treated with 5g of powder of A. viridis and group B, S. racemosa, twice a day for the duration of one month. Assessment criteria was based on the improvement in the score of cardinal symptoms and other common symptoms before, during and after the treatment. There was a statistically significant reduction observed in cardinal symptoms by both the drugs at the end of the treatment period. The other common symptoms were also successfully reduced. A. viridis was found to be more significant in comparison to S. racemosa, and it is more effective to relieve and control Asrugdara.

Obesity is the most hazardous factor found in modern sedentary society. It is the main underlying cause of life threatening diseases like Coronary Heart Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Atherosclerosis etc.Therefore it is important to control the increasing weight. The alternative therapies like Ayurveda, Yoga are being increasingly popular due to the limitations of allopathy. In the present study, the efficacy of certain yogic procedures is studied on the basis of subjective and objective paprameters of obesity. Statistically highly significant results are observed to decrease weight and Body Mass Index as well as subjective complaints of obesity by treatment through Yogic procedures.

Tuberculosis is mainly affected by poor living condition, malnutrition; shanty housing and overcrowding. These are the main reasons for the spread of the disease which is not only affecting the health of our country, but the economy as well. Estimates of TB prevalence, incidence and mortality in the country are based on an analytical and consultative process that takes into account all information available on case notification, prevalence of infection and disease, proportion of smear positive cases, number of cases treated and untreated, mortality and demography. Women bear the brunt of the disease more than men. They ignore the disease initially fearing its interference in their daily chores. The social stigma of the disease adds to the burden for both men and women. Here the attempt has been made to study the prevalence of Tuberculosis in Jamnagar district from last four years. DOTS which underpins the Stop TB Strategy, was being applied in Jamnagar district in 2005; 19,13685 of the total population of Jamnagar district lived in areas where DOTS had been implemented by public health services. Here data were collected from TB unit which comes under DOTS. Data collection was coordinated with the help of Data entry operator, Statistical analyzer from District Tuberculosis Centre, Jamnagar. Data has been summarized to see the rate of notification, treatment outcome, age group wise distribution of patients and difference between male and female case notification. This study on Gender in Tuberculosis Research constitutes one of the remarkable information about condition of gender difference in Jamnagar district and that is more than twice between male and female notification rate. These findings also incorporated with The WHO Gender and Health Research Series have been developed by the Department of Gender, Women and Health (GWH). Data also reveals more than 90% cure rate of New Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis after implication of DOTS under RNTCP programme.

Madhumeha (Diabetes mellitus) is one of the most common, chronic ailment now a day. Many formulations are described in different texts to treat Madhumeha. Among these Vanga Bhasma is one of the most potent drugs. In present study, Vanga Bhasma was prepared strictly by following Rasashastriya procedure and finished product was examined on Ayurvedic as well as modern parameters. In clinical study, Vanga bhasma was administered to 30 diagnosed patients of D.M. and results are discussed in present article

'AYURVEDA', "THE SCIENCE OF LIFE" is a time tested treasure of knowledge which explains human body as a congenial homeostasis of Dosha, Dhatu and Mala. The function of dhatus is dharana of the Sharira. Among the dhatus, Asthi dhatu is blessed with the function of sharira dharana. It gives shape to the body and protects the vital organs. Equilibrium of dhatus is health and their disequilibrium is disease. This disequilibrium may either be increase or decrease. Asthi kshaya (decrease in bone tissue) is a condition explained in Ayurveda, under the heading of ashtadasha kshayas. In Asthi kshaya there is diminution of Asthi dhatu. Similar to this, there is a condition known as Osteoporosis in western medicine which means 'Porous bones' or "the brittleness of the bones due to increased porosity from loss of mineral substance" causing decrease in the bone tissue & leading to increased risk of fractures. According to the principles of Aashrayaashrayee bhava, Asthi dhatu is the seat of Vata dosha and Asthi & Vata are inversely proportional to each other regarding increase and decrease. Increase of Vata leads to decrease of Asthi. Here, an effort is made to critically analyse the concept of Asthi kshaya mentioned in Ayurveda with special reference to Osteoporosis.

Vrana is one of the problems which have been managed by human being from beginning of civilization. The science of "Vrana Ropana" seems to be a serious matter of concern to the ancient healers. This fact can be very well understood while going through the surgical text - Sushruta Samhita where a good number of chapters deal with the science of Vrana alone. Vrana literally means a discontinuation of tissues. It is seen as debilitating and scaring disorder usually seen affecting the human being at any age. There are so many factors responsible to make healing process delayed. Though a variety of chemical substances have been evaluated and patented as wound healing agents, their inability to become successful drugs is due to the fact that these are able to act only at a particular step of the healing cascade. It is likely that more effective wound healing agent would be developed from natural products. The same thing is also being tried by Ayurvedic experts; present work is also a further step in this path under an herbal preparation named "Durvadi Taila",which is mentioned in Chakradatta and Bhaishajya Ratnavali in Vranashotha Roga Adhikara for the treatment of Vrana. In this research study total 34 patients were registered and treated in two groups, group A is Durvadi Taila treated group and Group B is Povidone iodine group as a standard control group. Encouraging results were observed in Durvadi Taila followed by Povidone Iodine. Study emerges that Durvadi Taila possess better wound healing properties.

Today Madatyaya is main social problem, leading to mortality and morbidity in turn leads to burden on nation's economy. To deal such social problem this study has been carried out. This study has been carried out on 38 diagnosed patients of Madatyaya. These selected cases were randomly distributed into two groups. Study group was managed by Vamana followed by Astanga Lavana in the dose of half Karsha which is (approximately equal to 6 gm), twice daily for the period of one month. Control group was managed by Vamana and Placebo in the dose of one capsule twice daily for one month. The follow up was for period of two months in both the groups. The result shows that marked improvement was not seen in any of the cases in both the groups, whereas 11.11 % had moderate improvement in Ashtanga Lavana group, and 5.88 % in Placebo group, where as 83.33 % had mild improvement in Ashtanga Lavana Group, and 41.17 % in Placebo Group. But only 5.55 % patient not got cured in Astanga Lavana Group, and 52.94 % in Placebo Group.

Pandu Roga (Anaemia) is one of the common problem in the developing countries like India specially in women and children. Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the commonest form of anaemia in children. Allopathic iron preparations are gastric irritant and having common side effects of oral iron including nausea, abdominal pain and either constipation or diarrhoea. To find out a satisfactory answer for the problem an Ayurvedic herbo-mineral compound (Mandura Bhasma one part +Amalaki Churna ten parts) was formulated and named as Panduhara Yoga. According to Ayurveda, Mandura Bhasma (ferrosoferic oxide) and Amalaki (Emblica officinalis) are very good drugs to prevent and manage the cases of Pandu Roga in children. Amalaki is Rasayana and it contains Vitamin-C that helps in the absorption of iron. Amalaki can increase bioavailability of Mandura Bhasma and can prevent the common hazards of oral iron therapy. A single blind clinical study was conducted in children of IDA. Panduhara Yoga has been administered in the dose of 110mg/kg body weight in two divided doses with honey after food for a period of 6 weeks. Hemoglobin level was improved with mean increase of 1.19gm/dl in three weeks (8.12΁1.56g/dl to 9.31΁1.35g/dl, p<0.001), and 2.64gm/dl in six weeks (8.12΁1.56g/dl to 10.76΁1.11g/dl, p<0.001). After 6 weeks treatment with Panduhara Yoga overall 93.33% children showed very good improvement on clinical features, whereas 50% children showed very good improvement on blood hemoglobin level. The results suggest that Panduhara Yoga is significantly effective in the management of iron deficiency amaemia in children. No adverse effect has been noticed during the therapy.

Among Nasagata Rogas most of the Acharyas described Apinasa including its complication which proves the seriousness of the disease. Acharya Sushruta clearly mentioned in Utttar tantra that Apinasa is the disease condition in which Vata and Kapha Dushti was observed. Atrophic Rhinitis is a chronic nasal disease characterized by progressive atrophy of the mucosa and underlying bone of the turbinates and the presence of a viscid secretion which rapidly dries and forms crust, which emits a characteristic foul odour sometimes called ozaena castench. In this study, 100 patients of Apinasa-Atrophic Rhinitis were treated in four groups. The 40 patients of 'V' group were treated with Vyoshadivati orally; the 20 patients of 'P' group were treated with Pathadi Taila in Nasya form. In group 'VP' the 20 patients were treated with Vyoshadi Vati and Pathadi Taila as a combined therapy. Group 'C' was a control group and 20 patients of this group were treated with placebo therapy. After the enrollment of the patients in the study,vital signs and symptoms of Apinasa-Atrophic Rhinitis such as nasal blockage, dryness of nose, nasal discharge etc. were studied before and after the treatment. The results of the study indicate that the "VP' group bestowed highly significant relief in almost all the signs and symptoms in comparison to 'V' and 'P' groups.

Aging is the deviation from the ideal state or in a decrease rate of return to ideal state or both. The maximum growth, which is achieved by a man, is up to 30 yr. It is an integration of change at molecular, cellular and whole organism level. This age related disease compromise quality of life in old age. Ayurvedic system of medicine is probably the first which efforts to protect life from disease and aging. Ayurveda describe much about the science of gerontology and Rasayana therapy. Rasayana Tantra is one of the eight major clinical disciplines of Ashtanga Ayurveda, which is exclusively devoted to the study of aging and its prevention. Rasayana therapy (Rejuvenation) affords a comprehensive physiological and metabolic restoration. The present study is designed to study the common symptoms of the aged people which are responsible to disturb the normal life span of aged people and their treatment.

Today in the modern era, gastric disorders like hyperacidity and gastric ulcers are a common clinical entity. This is also a major health problem with multifunctional etiology. Today there is need for a potent herbal formulation which can cure hyperacidity and ulcers. The present comparative experimental study was planned to see the anti ulcer activity of herbal compound formulations of Narikela Khanda and Narikela Khanda granules using pyloric ligation induced gastric ulceration in rats.Gastric ulcers were induced in albino rats by pyloric ligation. Effects of both the test formulations on different parameters in gastric juice like volume, pH, total and free acids, peptic activity, total carbohydrate (TC), total protein (TP) and also gastric mucosal damage were assessed. Both the formulations did not produce significant effect on gastric juice volume, free acidity, total protein, total carbohydrate, TC:TP ratio and ulcer index, however Narikela Khanda granules produced significant increase of gastric juice pH and significant decrease in total acidity and peptic activity. The study clearly indicates that Narikela Khanda possesses weak anti-ulcer activity, while Narikela Khanda granules possess moderate anti-ulcer activity against pyloric ligation induced gastric ulcers.

The present research work consists of conceptual, pharmacognostical, physico-chemical and pharmacological studies along with therapeutic (clinical) effects of the Ushna and Sheeta Guna Dravya in patients of Amlapitta. The properties Ushna and Sheeta Gunas are studied in all above parameters to find out some objectivity. On all these parameters it has been found that characteristics of Ushna and Sheeta Gunas are differentiable especially in clinical study in 185 Amlapitta patients. Patients having Drava Guna of Pitta dominancy were found to be significantly benefitted by Ushna Guna containing dravyas. And patients having Ushna Guna dominancy when treated with Sheeta Guna Dravyas were also found to be significantly benefitted. Hence it is found to be positively proved that there are few parameters at physico-chemical, pharmacological and also at therapeutic levels on which Sheeta and Ushna Guna can be objectively assessed. The study contains all these facts and values in figures.

Gridhrasi is an intractable physical complaint, which carries little threat to life but it interferes greatly with living. People, who suffer from this affliction, can't stand or sit properly and the painful limb continuously draws his attention. A similar condition in modern parlance is Sciatic-syndrome or Sciatica. The chances of occurrence are expected to be increasing through the coming years due to the increasing tendency for computerization and also because of the hectic routines resulting in postural abnormalities, increasing body weight, mental stress, unwholesome diet etc., all of which lead to a fertile condition for the occurrence of Gridhrasi. As modern drugs have to be administered continuously for prolonged period, a need arises to search for safer drugs with similar efficacy. In this study, 34 patients received therapy were randomly divided into two groups. In group A -Oral capsule along with Local Abhyanga & Swedana, whereas in Group B Oral capsule & Matra Basti along with Local Abhyanga, Swedana were given. The result of the study shows that group B provided better relief as compared to group A in the management of the disease.

Prasarani is one of the drugs used for treating Vata Rogas such as Ama Vata, Avabahuka etc. Among the different source plants of Prasarani, the plant Merremia tridentata Hallier.f. is mostly used in South India and the plant Paderia foetida Linn. in North India, hence taken in the present work for comparative study on Amavata. The disease Amavata resembles with Rheumatoid Arthritis (R.A.). Both the plants Merremia tridentata Hallier.f. and Paderia foetida Linn. have good effect on the disease Amavata. Among the two, the plant Paderia foetida Linn. has a better effect than Merremia tridentata Hallier.f. The plant Merremia tridentata Hallier.f. has a little more advantage over the plant Paderia foetida Linn.which possess offensive odour which will not reduce fully even after boiling.

Charak Samhita and Sushrut Samhita are main texts of Ayurveda. The acurate knowledge of these texts can not be gain without the knowledge of Sanskrit language. In this filed we are grateful to the commentators who write the commentaries on these Samhitas. Ayurveda is a treasure of philosophical aspect. In every Ayurvedic Samhita there is parallel description of philosophical aspects with medical discussion. Therefore the question arises in mind that 'is there any importance of these philosophical aspects in the field of treatment of diseases'? If there is some importance then what is that? And, how it can be proved according to the present era? The Charak Samhita is mainly a Medical text. The presence of Philosophy in this text, itself proves the importance of philosophy in the field of medicine, but there is need, to be explained, according to the present era. The widely accepted commentary on Charak Samhita in the present time is, 'Ayurveda Dipika' written by 'Chakrapani'. Its time goes back to app. 1075 AD. This is definitely a best, intellectual and deep commentary specially because of describing the Chikitsa Siddhantas (Basic Theories of treatment) in detail, but considering the fact that this commentary is some what lacking in the field of philosophical aspects, Gangadhar Roy, in 19th century, discussed philosophical aspects especially and deeply in his 'Jalp-Kalp-Taru' Commentary on Charak Samhita. He also discussed about the importance of these philosophical aspects in the field of medicine. In this paper the view of Acharya Chakrapani on Samanya Vishesh Vad is discussed in detail and compared with the views of Gangadhar Roy and the specialities of Gangadhar Roy are discussed in detail proving the fact - ^iqjk.kfeR;so u lk/kq loZa u pkfi dkO;a uofeR;oU,e~*